If the sugar has an aldehyde group (the functional group with the structure R-CHO), it is known as an aldose, and if it has a ketone group (the functional group with the structure RC(=O)R′), it is known as a ketose. Most monosaccharide names end with the suffix – ose. In monosaccharides, the number of carbons usually ranges from three to seven. Monosaccharides ( mono– = “one” sacchar– = “sweet”) are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose.
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